Patent Strategies Like Evergreening Differently Impact The...

By: Anuradha Prasad Patent strategies like evergreening differently impact the developing world. The practice of evergreening not just refer to extending the original patent, but also includes strategies and practices used to protect a cluster of related, but unoriginal, technologies through the filing of secondary applications. This contributes to increased medical costs by keeping lower-cost generic alternatives out of the marketplace. This chapter gives an overview of the evergreening strategies that are employed by branded pharmaceutical companies as a tactic to bypass existing patent laws and limit generic competition in the marketplace. The frequency of such strategies demands strong patent interpretations that are protective of†¦show more content†¦Taking the advantage of this existing loophole in patent law, patent applications for the developments or modifications is not just filed by the original product developer but also by other companies including generic companies. One the one h and the branded companies advertise to customers their brand value and reliability, and on the other hand they try to cast generics negatively on the basis of poor replication, or unsatisfactory testing before commercial production of the original formula. However, the argument put forth by branded companies is that they enable the development of a non-infringing competitor product thereby channeling â€Å"designing around† the patent. A monopoly right that is suitably limited is vital in helping preserve the policy underlying the Patent Act of promoting innovation while still allowing the intellectual property to enter the public domain. II.EVERGREENING STRATEGIES A. DELAY THE LAUNCH OF GENERIC PRODUCTS/ 30 MONTH PERIOD OF STAY PROVISION In US, innovator drug companies have been able to use provisions of the Hatch Waxman Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, 1984 to delay or restrict the launch of generic competitor products. The innovator pharmaceutical company has been allegedly using the listing of additional patents in the ‘Orange Book ’ to try to benefit fromShow MoreRelatedNon-Market Strategy for Big Pharma Companies as a Response to India’s Protectionist and Discriminatory Policies1563 Words   |  7 Pages2012, the Indian Patent Office allowed a domestic company (Natco Pharma Ltd.) to sell a generic version of Bayer AGs cancer drug ‘Nexavar’ on the grounds that the German company’s drug not affordable to the local populace due to cost reasons. Then in March 2013, the Honorable Supreme Court of India denied patent protection to Novartis’s blockbuster cancer drug ‘Gleevac’ stating that Novartis had resorted to ‘evergreeningâ₠¬â„¢ in an effort to extend their monopoly beyond the standard patent period. The Indian

What Is the Next Ontario Provincial Election Date

Canadian law sets fixed dates for many provincial elections. Ontarios general elections are held every four years on the first Thursday in June. Date of the Next Ontario Election The next election will be on or before June 2, 2022. How Ontario Election Dates are Decided Ontario has fixed dates for general elections. In 2016, a bill moved the election from the previous date in October in order to avoid conflicting with municipal elections. Previously, the dates of the election were fixed by the Election Statute Law Amendment Act, 2005. There are exceptions to Ontarios fixed election dates: If the fixed election date is not suitable because it is a day of cultural or religious significance, then an alternate election date is chosen from the seven dates after the Thursday that would otherwise be election day.If the government loses a non-confidence vote in the legislative assembly triggering an election. This can happen quite easily with a minority government.If the decides to dissolve the legislature. In Ontario general elections, voters in each district or â€Å"riding† elect members to the Legislative Assembly, Ontario uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government, like at the federal level in Canada. The Premier (Ontarios head of government) and the Executive Council of Ontario are then appointed by the Legislative Assembly based on majority support. The Official Opposition is the largest party not in control of the government, with its leader recognized as Leader of the Opposition by the Speaker.

A Single Payer Health Care System - 1510 Words

Despite recent changes that have slightly improved the proficiency and productivity of the American health care system, it continues to be a deficient and muddled operation that damages both the lives and livelihoods of those that depend on its competence. Rather than looking to the efficient systems established by the majority of the developed world, The United States still clings to its archaic and incompetent model of privately controlled health care. This has created a structure where, despite paying nearly twice that of other western countries, the life expectancy and quality of treatment is either the same, or inferior. We spend more tax money per capita than many other nations, spend more as private individuals, and still experience mediocre outcomes that often result in bankruptcy for the person or family attempting to receive proper care (Squires, 2015). Instead of this abhorrent example of incompetence and instability, The United States should switch to a single-payer healt h care system. One method of implementing this system would be through the United States Congress. Dealing with any issue in regards to legality or lawmaking, the legislative branch is responsible for passing bills, representing their constituents, and funding any project or action taken by the government (233 - 235). The lawmaking process begins when an idea or opinion gets presented to a congressman. Should their constituents be in favor of the idea, they will draft a bill, or have theirShow MoreRelatedSingle Payer Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-payer health care would also improve the ease with which people receive competent health care. A single-payer health care system with a streamlined means of receiving and paying for medical care would save valuable time and money as compared to our current health care system, which is bogged down in a morass of complex and varying insurance forms by indifferent insurance companies. The complexity could lead one to think the insurance companies would be more than happy to simply not make paymentsRead MoreSingle Payer Healthcare : The Health Care System Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesSingle-payer Healthcare: The Health Care System That America Rejected While campaigning for the 2016 presidential election, Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont proposed that America should adopt a single-payer health care system. In Sanders’s plan, there would have been only one insurance program that would have covered everyone in the United States; in effect, other programs such as Medicaid, Medicare, and especially private insurance would be discontinued (Holahan, 2016, p. 1). If Sanders’s proposalRead MoreFree Public Health Care Or A Single Payer System827 Words   |  4 PagesFree public health care or a single payer system as it’s referred to, is a health care system in which the state/government pays for any and all health care costs for its citizens. However in the south pacific region this system is becoming increasingly unsustainable, citizens are now being required to meet the full or partial costs of their treatment. This new system is referred to as the user pays system where the government is not responsible for meeti ng the costs of its citizen’s healthcare.Read MoreUnited States Government Should Implement A Single Payer Universal Health Care System1635 Words   |  7 Pages for the flourishing of health among its citizens, is inherently flawed. A country like the U.S is no exception to this assertion. The United States government should implement a single payer universal health care system. The Modern U.S health care is allowing its citizens to rack up vast amounts of medical debt, in addition, large amounts of its population to remain uninsured. The U.S lags behind an idea, which, many other countries have accepted and that is health care is a human right. A plethoraRead MoreSingle Payer System : Japan1302 Words   |  6 PagesSingle Payer System Japan is one of the countries that have a single payer system for their health care coverage. In Japan the cost for its citizens to have a health insurance is very cheap. Japan’s population is very healthy due to the fact that everyone in Japan has health care. In this country most insurance plans will include coverage for medical and dental care. People in Japan will less likely to get sick comparing to other countries. That is largely due to lifestyle factors, such as lowRead MoreSingle Payer Health Care Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesIs The U.S. Ready for Single Payer Health Care? The beginning of the article started off very strong with the Republican views on how replacing theAffordable Care Act/ Obamacare seems to be beneficial because Americans believe that the government needs to provide healthcare for all which is â€Å"Medicare for all.† Throughout government; the left and right sides do not see eye to eye but in this discussion, they both seem to acknowledge the likelihood of this new system. Republican Senator Jerry MoranRead More The Need For Universal Health Care Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Need For Universal Health Care Like many college students I have to pinch pennies to make it through school. Every last penny counts when budgeting my monetary supply. As a result of this I have found that I do not have enough to spare to pay for health insurance. Unlike most college students I am over the age of 23 and thus not covered by my parents insurance. Since I am only employed part time I am also not able to obtain it from work. This puts me in the company of the more than 42 millionRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1394 Words   |  6 Pageslong time. Today, Healthcare is obtained through employers or by people paying for it by themselves, which is incredibly expensive due to high premiums. Five years have passed since the controversial Obama care, or Affordable Care Act, was signed into law on March 23, 2010. The Affordable Care Act aimed at fixing the many problems that the United States has with healthcare by making it available to everyone, but also more efficient and this require d drastic changes that made some people happy whileRead MoreThe Health Care Solution Missing1604 Words   |  7 PagesMarket Health Care. The health care solution missing in the national discussion. One of the most frustrating things today is progressives pointing at failing socialist policies as proof of free market capitalism failing. What we have seen the last decade or so is the slow, methodical creep of socialism into our government. With the result that many in our country think that our system no longer works. Done on purpose by those who wish America to be a centrally planned nation. Our health care systemRead MoreThe Multi Vs Single Payer System1316 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Care in America: Multi Versus Single-Payer System Health care costs in America have reached an all-time high of 16% of gross domestic product, making the U.S. the single biggest spender on health care in the world. As health care in America is assessed and analyzed there is continued debate on the inefficiencies, and fragmentation, and high costs in medications, program administration, and medical innovation. This has led to discussion, theories, and studies of single-payer health coverage

Conflict Managment - 3081 Words

Managing Conflict in the Workplace By LaQuita Watson Current Issues in Human Resources Dr. Overby April 9, 2008 Conflict management refers to the long-term management of intractable conflicts. It is the label for the variety of ways by which people handle grievances — standing up for what they consider to be right and against what they consider to be wrong. Those ways include such diverse phenomena as gossip, ridicule, lynching, terrorism, warfare, feuding, genocide, law, mediation, and avoidance. Some of the forms of conflict management can be used in any given situation and can be somewhat predicted and explained by the social structure — or social geometry — of the case.†¦show more content†¦This ensures that job role doesn’t conflict and no task â€Å"falls in a crack.† Make sure that there is a relationship built with all subordinates. Try to meet at least once a month alone with them in your office. Get on a personal level with them and ask about their accomplishments, challenges and issues. Make a report of regular written status reports and include accomplishments, current issues and needs from management and the plans for the upcoming period. One should always conduct basic training about interpersonal communications, conflict management and delegation. Develop procedures for routine tasks and include the employees input. For example have the employees write procedures when possible and appropriate. Get the employees’ review of the procedures. Distribute the procedures and train each employee on the procedure. Hold regular management meetings every month to communicate new initiatives and status of current programs. Consider an anonymous suggestion box in which employees can provide suggestions. (Mayer 85-93) Conflict Management Techniques There is no one best way to deal with conflict. It depends on the current situation. Some of the major ways that people deal with conflict is that they avoid it. Pretending that conflict is not there can usually harm a situation. Use this when it simply is not worth the effort to argue. Usually this approach tends to worsen the conflict over time. Avoiding isShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Workplace Conflict And The Styles Of Management1914 Words   |  8 Pagestypes of workplace conflict and the styles of management to address the conflict. Articles discussing how the particular style used can affect stress in the workplace. Eight interviews were conducted in which subjects were asked to rate the amount of stress they experience, the type of conflict that is experienced, and their preferred method of conflict management. The data collected agrees with the published articles showing that the preferred method of dealing with conflict does have an effectRead MoreOnline Essays869 Words   |  4 Pagesissues are directly relate to how students feel. 4. Issues relating to behaviour and manaegment A teachers beliefs and values influence classroom environment . The teacher models and demonstrate to students how to act. Unprepared responses add to conflict or negative feelings for students. 5. Issues relating to behaviour and manaegment At risk students see little to strive for. Negative perspective will have a direct influence on the type of behaviour the students demonstrates. Classroom managementRead MoreBear s Construction Company : Case Analysis852 Words   |  4 Pagescontract (A guide to the project managment body of knowledge (PMBOK guide), 2013). Any contract disputes should be resolved in an inexpensive, expeditious, and less formal manner, before disputes lead to any possible litigation. Ideally, there is a clause in this contract that makes arbitration the mandatory means of resolving any disputes concerning miscommunication and/or misinterpretation of any requirements (Garrett, 2010). Anne’s Interior Design: The current conflict found between the SpecialRead MoreThe Field Of Healthcare : An Context And Confines Of Any Health Care Institution1507 Words   |  7 Pages on the strategic planning of its leaders, or their risk and information managment, and so on. Every single of these principles is at work within the organizational culture of a successful healthcare organization (successful being the key word). Let’s look at each of these principles in turn before seeing how they all sort of integrate in one and the same organization. ================================ Financial managment of healthcare organizations is absolutely vital to their long term healthRead MoreWhat Are The Legal Requirements Of A Business1640 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers, superannuation in sole trader business. Also u can use your TFN number to lodge your tax returns, privacy: owner get completely privacy in terms of decision making profit. quick decision making: Decision making process become easy without any conflict. I dont choose partnership or company because of their drawbacks: Drawbacks of partnership: †¢ joint and individual liability: Members have unlimited liability as they are liable for the debts of the business. In addition, personal assets of allRead MoreAce With No Sleeve916 Words   |  4 Pagesyoure busy, it is even more important to schedule your time. In the article, The Successful Persons Guide to Time Management, Dorothy Cudaback, a family life extension specialist, describes that time managment simply means deciding what you want out of life and actively pursuing these goals. Time managment does not mean being busy all the time - it means using your time how you want to use it. (Fetsch, Ph.D. Flashman, Ph.D., 1984) No matter who you are, it is necessary to stay in the loop ofRead MoreBusiness Assignment4679 Words   |  19 Pagescompanies/ business using this level of management as it is far too complicated and isn’t necessarily needed. Strategic planning looks at the bigger picture and concentrations more on long term objectives and consider complex and long range issues. (Managment , 2012) Hume believes that without planning the property would come to a complete stop and the business would suffer dramatically. Hume’s job as Manager and Director of the business involves a lot of planning; Hume plans all three categories theRead MoreThe Structure Of My Company771 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a pyramid for nearly every function in the organization with established procedures for interactions between them. There is often discord among and between the seperate horizontal functional units. The Sales Manager s priorities often conflict with the Human Resource or Asset Protection Manager s priorities. Recently a more consistent execution of an Asset Protection policy caused such an uproar among the sales teams that the HR group had to get involved and it held the attention ofRead MoreEssay on Global Green Case Study1218 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Green USA is to foster a global value shift toward a sustainable and secure future. In order to do this the organization must understand if they have the right strategy and culture to perform as a highly innovative organization, potential conflicts within stakeholders, and positive impacts they can have on the natural environment. Positive impacts and sustainability often separates companies from success and failure. With that being said, Global Green USA has many activities and initiativesRead MoreReport- Dimensions of Diversity1578 Words   |  7 Pagescontinually developing. Conflict Management Conflict is defined as â€Å"one party perceives it’s interest are being opposed or set back by another party† (Kreitner and Kinicki). Conflict can be classified as functional or dysfunctional. 1. Functional a. More of a positive conflict that applies to â€Å"constructive or cooperative† conflict. (Kreitner and Kinicki) 2. Dysfunctional a. â€Å"Threaten the organizational interest† (Kreitner and Kinicki) â€Å"Dealing effectively with conflict requires fundamental skills

Chapter 10 Review Free Essays

Section 9-1 Review Key Ideas 1. Identify the primary source of energy that flows through most living systems The sunlight. Autotrophs use sunlight to make their own food. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 10 Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organisms that can’t make their own food consumed the food molecules made by autotrophs, eat autotrophs or eat organisms that consumed autotrophs. 2. Explain how an organism’s metabolism is related to Earth’s carbon cycle. An organism’s metabolism is related to using energy to build organic molecules which contain carbon or breaking down organic molecules in which energy is stored. Because of this, an organism’s metabolism is a part of the Earth’s carbon cycle. This cycle make carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and deliver chemical energy to organism living within that ecosystem 3. Describe how energy is released from ATP. ATP is made up of an unstable chain of 3 phosphate group because they are all negatively charged and thus repel each other. The energy that was stored is released during the breaking of the 3rd bond. This energy can be released as heat or power in cell in order to help perform chemical activities. ATP can be used to contract muscle cell, actively transport a protein or help make more ATP. Critical Thinking 4. Analyzing Patterns Explain how life involves a continuous flow of energy. The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy is an isolated system remains constant. The consequence of this law is that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Energy can be converted or transformed into another form of energy. We can’t create more energy. A certain amount of energy will always be lost, usually as heat, to the environment. Therefore, when we use glucose and other products to maintain our bodies, we generate heatas a â€Å"waste product†. Heat is also lost at each step as we go up the food chain, until all the energy trapped by plant is liberated as heat. Thus, energy does flow through life, or a system. At one point it was sunlight, at another point glucose, another point biomass consumed, and as heat finally. 5. Inferring Relationships How can the energy in the food that a fox eats be traced back to the sun? Fox in general or red fox may consume birds or small mammals like squirrels, rabbits and mice. And as we know, squirrels eat fruits, nuts and seeds. These are products of plants, or autotrophs. Autotrophs make their own food through photosynthesis. However, it would be impossible for them to produce organic compounds from CO2 and H2O without sunlight. Therefore, the energy in the food that the squirrels eat, which the fox eats, came from the sun. 6. Summarizing Information What is the difference between cellular respiration and the process by which energy is released from a burning log? When the log burns the chemical energy stored in wood molecules is released in a burst of heat and light. While during a cellular respiration, stored chemical energy is released gradually in a series of enzyme-assisted reactions. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. This process is the breaking down C6H12O6 and burning it with O2 in a combustion or water yielding reaction to form CO2 and H2O while burning a log is an exothermic reaction which is caused by the burning of Hydrocarbon in the presence of O2. How to cite Chapter 10 Review, Essay examples Chapter 10 Review Free Essays

Love Essay Summary Example For Students

Love Essay Summary Now there are many same sex parents, whose families have been studied, proving this saga wrong. First of all, the children raised by homosexual parents are no more likely to become gay or lesbian that those raised by two heterosexual parents (Bidstrup). As for same sex couples are not the optimal atmosphere in which to raise children, why is it that murderers, convicted felons, even known child molesters are all allowed to liberally marry and procreate. According to the article Eleven Arguments Against Same-Sex Marriage by Dr. James Dobson,More than ten thousand studies have concluded that kids do best when they are raised by loving and committed mothers and fathers. They are less likely to be on illegal drugs, less likely to be retained in a grade, less likely to drop out of school, less likely to commit suicide, less likely to be in poverty, less likely to become juvenile delinquents, and for the girls, less likely to become teen mothers. They are born healthier both emotionally and physically According to the 2000 Census, over 40 percent of all households with children under the age of 18 are run by a single parent. With all this evidence why are single parents not prohibited to raise children? They make up a little less that half of this country. Subsequently if the children are the main concern here, why are all of these situations allowed in our society today? In other aspects, not only are the children of homosexuals equal in every quality to straight raised children, they can actually be more secure and self confident than children raised in single heterosexual homes (Bidstrup).Works Cited

Hopi Indians and their pottery1 Essay Example For Students

Hopi Indians and their pottery1 Essay Hopi Indians lived in the western part of America (Arizona). Their civilization is about 3000 years old and they usually farmed for living. The Hopi reservation is a remote area, comprising approximately 650,000 acres, and is surrounded on all sides by the Navajo Reservation. The Hopi people have lived in this area for over a thousand years, with one of its native villages on Old Oraibi, having the distinction of being the oldest continuously inhabited village in the United States.Hopi brought a lot of influences to many people. Hopi people were famous for their pots they make. Hopi pottery is assumed to have been made by women, there are few early historic references to men making pottery. Pottery varied from village to village so all the neighboring villages showed different blending of style. Hopi pottery are made very similar today as the olden days just that now days, it is much expensive. Modern Hopi potters make their pottery in the traditional manner. The clay is hand dug on the Hopi mesas and hand processed. The pots are carefully hand constructed using the coil and scrape techniques their ancestors taught them. The paints used are from naturally occurring materials. For example, boiling Beeweed for a long time until it becomes very dark and thick makes black paint. Before making a pottery, they found clay near the ocean or by inland streams and pond. They would wedge the clay to help remove air bubbles from the clay. If air is not removed from the clay pottery may break or crack when dried and fired. They tasted the clay to choose which clay is better. They picked sweet clay because it would be smoother than the bitter clay. After choosing which clay they were going to use, they started to make the pot, known as the coil pot method. They would roll a piece of clay into a thin line. After, they would add the thin line and built it up step by step placing the rolled up clay on top of each other. The inside of the pinch pot was smothered and joined. They would use a shell or a broken pot to smooth the pot and to make it in shape to compress cracks and to smooth the pot for decoration. They would also put white powder on it and rub it with sandstone to smoothen it. At the end, they would fire the pot. Before firing, they warmed the pot and also dry it. After drying slowly for several days, they pottery would be ready to be baked in a fire. They used sheep dong and broken pots to put on top of the made pots. The pots would stand on rocks and sheep dong (pots would be up side down). The temperature would rise 1500 degrees or more and they would avoid any rapid temperature changes. Decorations were also important for the Hopi potteries. They would draw the decoration with a yacca (a brush-chewed on the end). The colorings were made up of tanzy and compounds. The designs and symbols vary from one artist to the other. Designs were usually animals and shape. The symbols on the pots came from mythological and religious ideas, especially of the psychological elements of sympathetic magic. Symbols were also often used to influence supernatural beings, which often explains artistic motifs. The pots there designed and buried, containing food and other materials. This showed us that the Hopis thought about their after life. Bibliography: